POWER GENERATION BY A SPEED BREAKER
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
The Project report is hereby approved as a creditable study of Engineering subject carried out and presented in a satisfactory manner to warrant its acceptance as a preliminary report of the project which is a prerequisite for the Diploma in Mechanical Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Elite Polytechnic College. is understood that by this approval the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein but approved the Project Report only for the purpose for which it is submitted.
Board of Progress Report Examiners:
1...____________________________
2.._____________________________
3.. _____________________________
INDEX
- Objective
- Introduction of the project
- Principle
- Types of mechanism
- Theories
- System Design/Calculation
- Working Operation Procedure
- System Fabrication
- Equipment Use
- Machine Use
- Tool Use
- Parts & Component Used
- Estimating
- Costing
- Problem Faced
- Future Development
- Conclusion
- Reference/ Bibliograph
Obiective
This project harvests energy from speed breaker by making gear arangement and using electronic gadgets. Large amounts amount of electricity can be generated saving lot of money. And if implemented will be very beneficial for Govemment. When vehicle is in motion it produces various foms of energy like, due to friction between vehicle's wheel and road i.e. rough surface HEAT Energy is produced, also when vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the wind. The principle involved is KINEMATIC ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSION. When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a coventional namble strip. When the breaker comes down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism an angular motion converter) which in tun rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity.
Introduction-
Introduction to Project
An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources. An energy crisis may be referred to as an oil crisis, petroleum crisis, energy shortage, electricity shortage electricity crisis. While not entering a full crisis, political riots that occurred during the 2007 Burmese anti-govemment protests were initially sparked by rising energy prices. Likewise the Russia-Ukraine gas dispute and the Russia- Belarus energy dispute have been mostly resolved before entering a prolonged crisis stage. Market failure is possible when monopoly manipulation of markets Occurs. For electrical crisis Solution for Energy Crisis NEXT time on the roads, don't scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually light up small villages off the highway. This project is about GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY with the SPEED BREAKERS. Generally when vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of energy like, due to friction between vehicle's wheel and road rough surface HEAT Energy is produced, also when vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the wind then also heat energy is produced which is always lost in environment and of which we can't make use of...OR directly we can say that all this energy that we can't make use of is just the WASTAGE OF ENERGY that is abundantly available around us. In this project we are just trying to make use of such energy in order to generate an ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
This project will work on the principle of "KINEMATIC ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSION" Kinematic energy Can be thought of as energy stored within a physical system. This energy can be released or converted into other foms of energy. In this project a mechanism to generate power by converting the Kinematic energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip When the breaker come down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter). This in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity.
Principle
BASIC PRINCIPLES:
Simple energy conversion from mechanical to electrical. To generate electricity using the vehicle kinetic energy as input we can develop electricity from speed breakers they are using 3 different mechanisms:
- Roller mechanism
- Crank-shaft mechanism
- Rack- Pinion mechanism
In our Project Power generation by speed breaker, power is generated by Rack and Pinion Mechanism.
Rack and Pinion mechanism:
Rack and pinion gears normally change rotary motion into linear motion, but Sometimes we use them to change linear motion into rotary motion. They transform a rotary movement (that of the PINION
pinion) into a linear movement (that of the rack) or vice versa. We use them for sliding doors moved by an electric motor. The rack is attached to the door and the pinion is attached to the motor. The motor moves the pinion which moves the rack and the door moves RACK Advantages:
1 : Low budget production.
2: Suitable for all seasons.
Disadvantages:-
1: May not work with light weight vehicles.
2: We have to check mechanism from time to time.
Rack and Pinion Mechanism-
Theory-
Here we discuss about our project -- Rack and Pinion Mechanism-
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER HUMP. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical techniques for the power
generation and its storage.
Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards then the springs are attached to the dome is compressed Rack
and the rack which is attached to the bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into rotary motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction.
A flywheel is mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate the Tiuctuation in the energy and to make the energy unifom. So that the shafts will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts are connected through a belt drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The Conversion will be proportional to traffic density. Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north poles, an E.MF (electro motive force) is induced in it. So, for inducing the E.M.F armature coil has to rotate, for rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft. By rotating samne E.M.F, is induced, for this rotation kinetic energy of moving vehicles is utilized. The power is generated in both the directions to convert this 2 power nto one way a special component is used called zenor diode for continuous supply.
All this mechanism can be housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called HUMP.
The electrical output can be improved by arranging this POWER HUMP in series. This generated power can be amplified and stored by using diferent electrical devices.
ESTAMATING OF PROJECT:
Cost estimation is the approximation of the cost of a program, project or operation. Various projects and operations have distinct types of cost estimation which vary in their composition and preparation method. Here in our case we concentrate mostly in the manufacturing cost of our product.We categorized estimation under following heads.
a) Direct material cost
b) Direct labour cost
c) Manufacturing overheads
d) Contingency
It allows for mistake, hidden cost etc.
Manufacturing cost:
It is the sum of consist of all resources consumed in the process of making a product. Manufacturing cost is classified into three categorized.
a) Direct material cost
b) Direct labour cost
c) Manufacturing overheads
a) Direct material cost:- The raw materials that becomes a part or finished product.
b) Direct labour cost: It is the cost of workers who can be easiy identified with the unit of production.
c)Manufacturing cost: It is any manufacturing cost that is neither direct materials cost nor direct labour cost. It's all charges that provide support to manufacturing.
Direct labour cost: - It is the cost associated with worker, such as supervisor and material handling team, who are not directly involved in production.
Indirect labour cost: - It is the cost associated with consumable such as lubricant, grease etc. Those are not used as raw materials.
Other indirect manufacturing cost Its includes machine depreciation, land rent, property insurance, electricity, freight and transportation.
Estimating- For more details click here
ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF RACK AND PINION
MECHANISM-
This mechanism is the third mechanism. it is the crank shaft mechanism. Whenever the vehicle going on the speed breaker, the speed breaker goes downwards .so, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Here, we are used crank shaft mechanism for the development of the small amount of electricity.
The electricity saves on the battery storage unit .the crank shaft mechanism is regained its previous position vice versa.
Working Operation Procedure-
KEY WORDS:
Non-conventional sources, Kinetic energy, Electro-mechanical unit, Speed breaker, magnetic field.
Equipment Used
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
The various machine elements used in the construction of power
hump are
- RACK
- PINION
- SPUR GEAR
- BEARINGS
- METAL PLATE
- GEAR
- ANGLE ROD
- HOLLOW CYLINDRICAL PIPE
- SHAFT
- HELICAL SPRINGS
- ELECTRIC DYNAMO
Machine Used
- LATHE MACHINE
Uses- The lathe Machine which is used in our Project To turming and facing the gear shaft.
- SHAPING MACHINE
Uses-the Shaping Machine which is used in our Project for create key slotting
- DRILL MACHINE
Uses- A drill machine is used for cutting holes and Square ba, metal plate.
- BENCH GRINDER
Uses-It is used in our project for shape, sharpen, and buff, clean the metal object.
- ANGLE GRINDER
Uses- It is used in our project for removing excess material from a piece.
- GRINDING MACHINE
Uses-we have used to grinding machine for Square bar, hollow pipe Nut and Bolt for grinder.
- WELDING MACHINE
Uses- We welding Square bar, hollow bar, Nut and Bolt by using Gas Welding Machine.
System Fabrication---
1. The corners of metal sheet are grinded first and the hollow pipes are welded as per drawing.
2 The angle rods are welded with each other and create a rectangle channel for bearing measurement.
3 The bearing are fitted on the square bar by drilling. Then the bars are welded on the upper plate.
4. The rectangular channels are also welded on the lower plate or base plate.
5. A slot is cutting on the base plate for rack and pinion is welded on the upper plate.
6. Two plates are welded with the base plate. Where the pinion, gear motor, gear are fitted.
7. The open coil springs are mounted on the lower plate and then the upper plate and lower plate are fitted.
8. The small angle rods are welded on the base plate around the hollow pipe for guiding the spring.
Material
Materials and there specifications----
METAL PLATE
Material: Mild Steel, Length: 3inch,
Width: 2inch, Thickness: 6mm
Material: Mild Steel Length: 14inch,
Diameter: 5.5inch, Thickness 16mm,
Rpm: 300
Output: 24v
Material: Mild Steel, Length: 9", No of teeth: 92
Material: Mild Steel, Diameter: 55mm, No of teeth: 21
Material: Mild Steel, Diameter: 150mm, No of teeth: 90
METAL PIPE
2 pcs of Hollow Cylindrical Pipe
Material: Mild Steel, Length: 8.5"
Diameter of pipe is: 42mm, another pipe is: 2) 38mm
Bearing
ANGLE ROD
Length: 8inch, Width:1.5inch And Length: 3inch, Width: linch 12 pices
PLATE (for mountings gear and motor)
Problem Faced
Problems
The hollow pipes are not easily moveable due to friction.
The rack is not properly meshed with the pinion.
Solutions
I. We are using Greece for decrease the friction.
II. Metal plates are welded on the base plate and create a support for rack.
Scope Future Development
1) We can get more electricity by increasing the number of rack and pinion arrangement with individual generator.
2) We also modify our project by using a rectifier circuit on the led panel.
Conclusion
As day by day power consumption increases but electric crisis occur. So the minor needs of electricity such as street lights and traffic signals can be generated from speed breakers. Instead of wasting kinetic energy of vehicles at speed breakers the minor needs can be met but converting kinetic energy to electrical energy.
Reference/Bibliography
Collected information's from www.google.co.in
www.Wikipedia,
www.Youtube.com and many other websites.
Subiect teacher and HOD in our mechanical engineering department
are helped.
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